{"id":828,"date":"2021-12-03T19:19:32","date_gmt":"2021-12-03T18:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/?p=828"},"modified":"2021-12-09T19:11:09","modified_gmt":"2021-12-09T18:11:09","slug":"__trashed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/temata\/co-se-deje\/cr-a-svet\/__trashed\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak vlastn\u011b vznikl adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159, jak ho zn\u00e1me dnes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159 je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed typ kalend\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd je spojen\u00fd s k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi V\u00e1nocemi a dobou adventu.&nbsp; Tyto kalend\u00e1\u0159e nezahrnuj\u00ed obdob\u00ed cel\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159 adventn\u00edch t\u00fddn\u016f, slou\u017e\u00ed toti\u017e k odpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dn\u016f od za\u010d\u00e1tku prosince do \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne. Dnes je velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 jeho pap\u00edrov\u00e1 verze, v n\u00ed\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 24 otev\u00edrac\u00edch pol\u00ed\u010dek, kter\u00e1 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dasto napln\u011bn\u00e1 \u010dokol\u00e1dou r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f. Existuj\u00ed i verze, ve kter\u00fdch jsou sladkosti nahrazeny hra\u010dkami, kosmetikou, \u010daji, nebo dokonce pamlsky pro na\u0161e dom\u00e1c\u00ed mazl\u00ed\u010dky. D\u00e1le zn\u00e1me tak\u00e9 verze elektronick\u00e9 \u010di virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed. N\u011bjac\u00ed lid\u00e9 pak preferuj\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b vyroben\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159. Fantazii se zkr\u00e1tka meze nekladou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Historie my\u0161lenky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dnes u\u017e jsou adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159e neodmyslitelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka, a to hlavn\u011b u d\u011bt\u00ed. Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem tento n\u00e1pad v\u016fbec vznikl? Tradice po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed dn\u016f do V\u00e1noc sah\u00e1 a\u017e do poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed protestanti za ka\u017ed\u00fd uplynul\u00fd prosincov\u00fd den a\u017e do V\u00e1noc malovali k\u0159\u00eddou na dve\u0159e zna\u010dku nebo zapalovali sv\u00ed\u010dku. Na to se pou\u017e\u00edvaly i tzv. adventn\u00ed sv\u00edcny, kter\u00e9 obsahovaly sv\u00ed\u010dku pro ka\u017ed\u00fd z&nbsp;24 dn\u016f do V\u00e1noc.&nbsp; Nyn\u00ed zn\u00e1me jeho obdobu v&nbsp;podob\u011b adventn\u00edho v\u011bnce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jak ale vznikly samotn\u00e9 adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159e?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e za\u010daly vypadat kalend\u00e1\u0159e tak, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes, b\u00fdvaly p\u0159\u00edmo um\u011bleck\u00fdmi d\u00edly.&nbsp; Prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd ru\u010dn\u011b vyroben\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 se na sv\u011bt\u011b objevil ji\u017e v roce 1851. Z roku 1908 poch\u00e1z\u00ed prvn\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159. Tenkr\u00e1t ho vyrobil n\u00e1padit\u00fd mnichovsk\u00fd tiska\u0159 Gerhard Lang z Maulbronnu. Nechal se inspirovat n\u00e1padem jeho matky, kter\u00e1 pro n\u011bj, je\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e byl mal\u00fd kluk, vyrobila adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159 s 24 mal\u00fdmi bonb\u00f3ny nalepen\u00fdmi na kartonu. Jeliko\u017e byl Lang spolumajitelem tisk\u00e1rny v Mnichov\u011b, nechal vyrobit mal\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 se daly ka\u017ed\u00fd den v prosinci nalepit na karton. To byl prvn\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159, i kdy\u017e je\u0161t\u011b nem\u011bl otev\u00edrac\u00ed ok\u00e9nka.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"890\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2953.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-830\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2953.jpg 890w, https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2953-300x92.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2953-768x236.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 890px) 100vw, 890px\" \/><figcaption>foto: The Guardian<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vylep\u0161en\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00e1tku dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let Lang tento nedostatek napravil a vyrobil prvn\u00ed adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159 s otev\u00edrac\u00edmi ok\u00e9nky. Na kalend\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, je\u017e n\u00e1sledovaly, byly zobrazen\u00e9 liturgick\u00e9 v\u00fdjevy z\u00a0Bible a vypadaly jako \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bst nebo vesnic. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bly se v\u00a0mal\u00fdch d\u00edln\u00e1ch z\u00a0tvrd\u00e9ho pap\u00edru a v\u00a0jejich ok\u00e9nk\u00e1ch, je\u017e byla d\u016fmysln\u011b schovan\u00e1, se nach\u00e1zely skryt\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b se tak\u00e9 za\u010daly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159e, ve kter\u00fdch se za dv\u00ed\u0159ky m\u00edsto obr\u00e1zk\u016f nach\u00e1zely biblick\u00e9 ver\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kalend\u00e1\u0159e za 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a po n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Popularita adventn\u00edch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f se za\u010dala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, Lang ale musel svoji firmu ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech zav\u0159\u00edt. Do t\u00e9 doby v\u0161ak vyrobil okolo t\u0159iceti r\u016fzn\u00fdch kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f. Celosv\u011btov\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch t\u00e9to n\u011bmeck\u00e9 tradice bohu\u017eel p\u0159eru\u0161ila druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Karton byl na p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl, a tak bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no kalend\u00e1\u0159e vyr\u00e1b\u011bt. M\u00edsto toho nacist\u00e9 zhotovili vlastn\u00ed verzi p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e1 vypadala sp\u00ed\u0161 jako bro\u017eura a obsahovala obr\u00e1zky tank\u016f nebo nacistick\u00fdch symbol\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po konci v\u00e1lky ale op\u011bt p\u0159i\u0161el rozmach kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Prvn\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd kousek po v\u00e1lce vytiskl v roce 1946 Richard Sellmer a nesl n\u00e1zev \u201eMal\u00e9 m\u011bste\u010dko\u201c. Adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 byly napln\u011bn\u00e9 \u010dokol\u00e1dou, byly k dispozici ji\u017e v roce 1958. Brzy nato se za\u010daly objevovat na pultech v\u011bt\u0161iny evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a zanedlouho si ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b vytvo\u0159ila jejich vlastn\u00ed pozm\u011bn\u011bnou variantu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#085b8f\">A co vy, \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i Zpravodaje? Zdob\u00ed va\u0161i dom\u00e1cnost adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adventn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159e se pro mnoho z n\u00e1s staly tradi\u010dn\u00edm symbolem \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edchod Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka. D\u00edky nim na n\u00e1s dvacet \u010dty\u0159i prosincov\u00fdch dn\u016f \u010dek\u00e1 mal\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1, jak se tato p\u016fvodn\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e1 tradice vyv\u00edjela a jak od malov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rek k\u0159\u00eddou na dve\u0159e p\u0159e\u0161la do pap\u00edrov\u00e9 podoby pln\u00e9 \u010dokol\u00e1dy, jste na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[81,12,18],"tags":[74,84],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=828"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":844,"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions\/844"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zpravodaj.gymnsostelc.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}